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Body fat percentages measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry corresponding to recently recommended body mass index cutoffs for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 3–18 y
Percentage body fat body mass index obesity dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry overweight children adolescents
2016/12/20
Background: Body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) cutoffs for use with children and adolescents aged 2–18 y that correspond to the well-accepted BMI cutoffs for overweight (≥ 25 but < 30) and obesity (...
Prediction of body fat in 12-y-old African American and white children:evaluation of methods
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bioelectrical impedance analysis skinfold thickness densitometry isotope dilution 4-compartment models body fat children whites African Americans
2016/12/19
Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in children. Validation of methods of predicting fatness in African American and white children could help to identify children at high risk.Ob...
Bioelectrical impedance analysis models for prediction of total body water and fat-free mass in healthy and HIV-infected children and adolescents
Bioelectrical impedance analysis pediatrics ethnicity puberty HIV infection
2016/12/19
Background: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an attractive method of measuring pediatric body composition in the field, but the applicability of existing equations to diverse populations...
Vitamin D status in children,adolescents,and young adults with Crohn disease
Vitamin D hypovitaminosis D 25-hydroxyvitamin D Crohn disease inflammatory bowel disease children adolescents glucocorticoids bone mineral density dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
2016/12/19
Background: Crohn disease (CD) and vitamin D deficiency are associated with decreased bone mineralization.Objective: We examined the prevalence of and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in c...
Taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil predicts acceptance of bitter-tasting spinach in 3–6-y-old children
6-n-Propylthiouracil taste sensitivity food acceptance children phytochemicals spinach
2016/12/19
Background: Understanding what motivates the preference for and selection of foods has important health implications. Research suggests that the phytochemicals present in green leafy vegetables c...
Effect of zinc on the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children:a randomized controlled trial
Zinc malaria Plasmodium falciparum preschool children Africa Ecuador
2016/12/19
Background: Zinc supplementation in young children has been associated with reductions in the incidence and severity of diarrheal diseases, acute respiratory infections, and malaria.Objective:...
Cofortification of iron-fortified flour with zinc sulfate,but not zinc oxide,decreases iron absorption in Indonesian children
Food fortification iron absorption stable isotopes zinc absorption children Indonesia
2016/12/19
Background: Iron deficiency is a major nutritional concern in developing countries, and food fortification is a common strategy to treat it. In Indonesia wheat flour is fortified with 60 mg Fe/kg...
Serum carotenoid concentrations in US children and adolescents
Antioxidants,β-carotene carotene carotenoids children adolescents C-reactive protein ethnic groups health surveys sex distribution third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
2016/12/19
Background: Carotenoids, a class of phytochemicals, may affect the risk of several chronic conditions.Objective: Our objective was to describe the distributions and correlates of serum carot...
Zinc supplementation as adjunct therapy in children with measles accompanied by pneumonia:a double-blind,randomized controlled trial
Zinc supplementation measles pneumonia children clinical trial India
2016/12/19
Background: Zinc deficiency, common in developing countries, is associated with decreased immunocompetence. Zinc supplementation benefits children with acute and persistent diarrhea and prevents ...
Anthropometric assessment of muscularity during growth: estimating fat-free mass with 2 skinfold-thickness measurements is superior to measuring midupper arm muscle area in healthy prepubertal children
Anthropometry arm muscle area fat-free mass creatinine grip force peripheral quantitative computer tomography nutritional status muscularity children
2016/12/19
Background: Anthropometric measurements are widely used to determine body composition, especially in children.Objective: Our aim was to compare 2 of the simplest anthropometry-based equation...
Response of splanchnic and whole-body leucine kinetics to treatment of children with edematous protein-energy malnutrition accompanied by infection
Leucine kinetics protein metabolism edematous protein and energy malnutrition stable isotope children
2016/12/19
Background: Although the reduction in whole-body protein turnover and net protein loss induced by protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) has been well documented, it is unclear whether the protein-spa...
Cysteine supplementation improves the erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rate in children with severe edematous malnutrition
Glutathione severe malnutrition cysteine edema oxidant damage children
2016/12/19
Background: Children with severe edematous malnutrition have higher than normal oxidant damage and lower concentrations of the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), which are associated with slo...
Children who avoid drinking cow milk have low dietary calcium intakes and poor bone health
Dietary calcium bone density milk avoidance children obesity fractures cow milk allergy New Zealand
2016/12/19
Background: Information concerning the adequacy of bone mineralization in children who customarily avoid drinking cow milk is sparse.Objective: The objective was to evaluate dietary calcium intakes, a...
Bone mineral contents and plasma osteocalcin concentrations of Gambian children 12 and 24 mo after the withdrawal of a calcium supplement
Bone mineral accretion calcium children Gambia osteocalcin osteoporosis
2016/12/19
Background: Our randomized, placebo-controlled supplementation study of 160 rural Gambian children aged 8.3–11.9 y showed that an increase in calcium intake of 714 mg/d for 12 mo resulted in a 5%...
Plant sterol ester–enriched spread lowers plasma total and LDL cholesterol in children with familial hypercholesterolemia
Plant sterol ester plant sterol supplement sitosterol ester familial hypercholesterolemia serum cholesterol children LDL cholesterol
2016/12/19
Background: Naturally occurring plant sterol esters (SEs) favorably affect serum cholesterol concentrations in humans and could aid in the treatment of children with familial hypercholesterolemia...