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Compaction and Swelling of Ca-Smectite in Water and in CaCl2 Solutions: Water Activity Measurements and Matrix Resistance to Compaction
Calcium chloride Compaction Matrix resistance Rheology Smectite Swelling Water activity
2011/11/30
Abstract: Direct water-activity measurements were made for calcium-smectite-CaCl2 mixtures. The samples used were prepared by high-pressure filtration and had water contents <0.60% by weight of clay. ...
Crystalline Swelling of Smectite Samples in Concentrated NaCl Solutions in Relation to Layer Charge
Electrolyte Layer charge Smectite Swelling Vapor pressure X-ray powder diffraction
2011/12/31
The basal spacing of a set of smectites, with layer charges between 0.74 and 1.14 electrons per unit cell, have been measured while the smectites were in equilibrium with NaCl solutions having concent...
Swelling of n-Butylammonium Vermiculite in Water
DLVO theory n-Butylammonium chloride Neutron diffraction Swelling Vermiculite
2011/11/30
Abstract: The swelling of an n-butylammonium vermiculite in solutions of n-butylammonium chloride has been studied by neutron diffraction as a function of temperature and the concentration of the soak...
Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Swelling of n-Butylammonium Vermiculite
DLVO theory Gel n-Butylammonium Neutron diffraction Pressure Swelling Vermiculite
2012/1/6
The osmotic swelling of an n-butylammonium vermiculite in a 0.1 M solution of n-butylammonium chloride has been studied as a function of temperature and hydrostatic pressure by neutron diffraction. On...
Effects of Octahedral-Iron Reduction and Swelling Pressure on Interlayer Distances in Na-Nontronite
Interlayer distance Iron Nontronite Reduction Swelling pressure X-ray powder diffraction
2012/1/5
A new type of environmental chamber for X-ray diffraction was designed that could sustain elevated, internal pressures of nitrogen or any other gas under oxygen-free conditions and that allowed the po...
Swelling Pressure Calculated from Mineralogical Properties of a Jurassic Opalinum Shale, Switzerland
Gouy double layer theory Mineralogical composition Shale Soil mechanics Surface area Surface charge Swelling pressure
2012/2/2
Nineteen drill core samples of lower Dogger opalinum shale from wells drilled in connection with a tunnel project near Brugg, northern Switzerland, were investigated. The shale is a well known swellin...
Direct Measurement of the Relation Between Swelling Pressure and Interlayer Distance in Li-Vermiculite
Double-layer theory Interlayer distance Swelling pressure Vermiculite X-ray diffraction
2012/2/1
To test the double-layer theory of swelling as applied to layer silicates, the interlayer separation, ? in a Li-saturated vermiculite from Grouse Creek, Utah, was measured as a function of the swellin...
Interlayer Water and Swelling Properties of Natural and Homoionic Corrensite
Chlorite Corrensite Dehydration Exchange cations Smectite Water X-ray powder diffraction
2012/1/13
A corrensite-like mineral, from near Borgotaro, Parma (Taro Valley, Italy), was studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis at different temperatures and water vapor pressures in th...
Effects of Oxidation State of Octahedral Iron on Clay Swelling
Iron Nontronite Oxidation Reduction Smectite Swelling
2012/2/6
Three montmorillonites and a nontronite were reduced by sodium dithionite to obtain different amounts of Fe2+ in their octahedral sites. The mass ratio of water to clay, mw/mc, was determined as a fun...
A Model of Clay Swelling and Tactoid Formation
Electrostatic forces Mica Pyrophyllite Tactoid Talc Swelling Vermiculite
2012/2/8
An electrostatic model for the stability of clay tactoids (stacks of parallel clay platelets at …10 ∈ separation) in an aqueous solution has been developed. The counter ions located in the interstitia...
Intracrystalline Swelling of Montmorillonites in Water-Dimethylsulfoxide Systems
Dimethylsulfoxide Interlayer Montmorillonite Swelling Water
2012/2/9
The basal spacings of montmorillonites with Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, St, Ba, and Pb interlayer cations were measured after immersion in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and in water-DMSO mixtures. In DMSO alone...
Swelling Components of Compacted Ca-Montmorillonite
Compaction Double layer theory Montmorillonite Pore-size distribution Swelling Water adsorption
2012/2/8
Intracrystalline water adsorption of Ca-montmorillonite was calculated as the product of one-half the interlayer spacing from X-ray powder diffraction analysis and the difference between the desorptio...
Relation between Swelling, Surface Area and b Dimension of Na-Montmorillonites
Expansion Interlayer Montmorillonite Surface Swelling
2012/2/10
From swelling and surface area measurements, it was found that the swelling of a montmorillonite depends linearly on the fraction of its layers that fully expand in water and that this fraction, in tu...
Synthesis and Swelling Properties of Saponites with Increasing Layer Charge
Synthesis Swelling Increasing Layer Charge Saponites
2012/2/13
Nine synthetic Na-saponites with charge densities varying between 0.33 and 1.0 have been prepared. Their swelling properties and structural organization in water, ethylene glycol and glycerol show dis...
Change of b-Dimension with Swelling of Montmorillonite
b-Dimension Swelling Montmorillonite
2012/2/13
The effect of swelling on the b-dimension of Na-saturated, Upton, Wyoming montmorillonite was re-examined using powdered silicon as an internal standard. After being corrected with reference to the in...