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To most applied statisticians, a fitting procedure’s degrees of freedom is synonymous with its model complexity, or its capacity for overfitting to data. In particular, it is often used to parameteriz...
The Degrees of Freedom of Partial Least Squares Regression
regression model selection Partial Least Squares Degrees of Freedom
2010/3/10
The derivation of statistical properties for Partial Least Squares regression
can be a challenging task. The reason is that the construction of latent compo-
nents from the predictor variables also ...
Freedom (with accountability) is the key to both prosperity and to
any reasonable and realistic conception of fairness. Only with entrepreneurial
freedom will the innovation required to increase pro...
ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND HUMAN WELFARE：SOME EMPIRICAL FINDINGS
ECONOMIC FREEDOM HUMAN WELFARE economic growth
2008/11/14
When I attended graduate school in economics at Yale, one of my
professors, Henry Wallich, in 1960 published a book entitled The Cost
of Freedom. This book reflected the conventional wisdom of the t...
OFFICIAL ASSISTANCE, ECONOMIC FREEDOM,AND POLICY CHANGE：IS FOREIGN AID LIKE CHAMPAGNE?
OFFICIAL ASSISTANCE ECONOMIC FREEDOM POLICY CHANGE FOREIGN AID
2008/11/14
Foreign aid has had, and continues to have, a multiplicity of goals.
Five decades of development assistance have provided an adequate
historical record by which to judge to what extent aid successfu...
BANKING STRUCTURES, MARKET FORCES, AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM：LESSONS FROM ARGENTINA AND MEXICO
MARKET FORCES BANKING ECONOMIC FREEDOM ARGENTINA MEXICO
2008/11/14
The successes or failures of monetary reforms in Latin America
have depended on the financial liberalizations that accompanied them
and on the peculiarities of attendant financial regulations and pr...
ECONOMIC FREEDOM, POLITICAL FREEDOM,AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING：A CAUSALITY ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC FREEDOM POLITICAL FREEDOM ECONOMIC WELL-BEING
2008/11/14
In recent years, a renewed interest has been shown in trying to
further comprehend the factors that determine a country’s rate of
economic growth. This is important since a higher growth rate means
...
ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND THE EVOLUTION OF LAW
ECONOMIC FREEDOM EVOLUTION private property rights
2008/11/14
Lon Fuller (1964: 30) defines law to be ‘‘the enterprise of subjecting
human conduct to the governance of rules.’’ The key components of
economic freedom arise through such an enterprise when instit...
THE IMPACT OF CHINA’S WTO ACCESSION ON CAPITAL FREEDOM
World Trade Organization CAPITAL FREEDOM factor markets
2008/11/11
The World Trade Organization focuses primarily on exchanges
among nations of goods and services — i.e., the outputs of firms and
households. Capital is, of course, a factor of production, which mean...
Two developments in the 1980s revived interest in growth theory
and modified the way most economists study the determinants of
growth. First, the contributions by Romer (1986) and Lucas (1988)
laun...
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND FREEDOM：THE LEGACY OF PETER BAUER
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FREEDOM Market Revolution
2008/11/10
A Hero of the Market Revolution
The death of Peter Bauer on May 2, 2002, at 86 years old, marked
the passing of a great economist and a hero of the market revolution
that has been sweeping the glob...
ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND CONFLICT REDUCTION：EVIDENCE FROM THE 1970S, 1980S, AND 1990S
ECONOMIC FREEDOM CONFLICT REDUCTION economic policy
2008/11/10
The last three decades have witnessed an unprecedented expansion
of market-based reforms and the profusion of economic freedom in
the international system. This shift in economic policy has sparked ...
ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND GROWTH：THE CASE OF THE CELTIC TIGER
ECONOMIC FREEDOM GROWTH CELTIC TIGER
2008/11/10
Ireland was one of Europe’s poorest countries for more than two
centuries. Yet, during the 1990s, Ireland achieved a remarkable rate
of economic growth. By the end of the decade, its GDP per capita
...
In the 1950s and 1960s, many Africans believed that independence
would change prospects for rapid economic growth and development.
Each year the Fraser Institute and the Heritage Foundation (in
conjunction with the Wall Street Journal) publish indexes of economic
freedom, while the Freedom House publishes an index of
politic...